I get no prompt to add bait to my traps, but they obviously need bait

Well each trap catches different animals and each animal requires certain baits. Some baits have a higher catch percentage than others so you need to use the right bait, at the right time of day/night, in the correct zone to be successful.

https://pzwiki.net/wiki/Trapping

I believe most of this is still pretty accurate. Just have whatever you want to use as bait in your inv and should get the option to add

You use those bait in wiki
further away from ur house like 75 tites
check every 6 hours or more or less cuz I dont remember
it will random chance catch something or not
snare trap i was spamming back then and i dont think they change this

As long as you go out for supply runs, you can leave it near your house (that's my experience anyways) and check it when you come back.

If they didn't changed it with this update you can use stick traps anywhere to catch birds using worms as bait